Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

Observations of the Fawn Trough Current over the Kerguelen Plateau from instrumented elephant seals

Due to its great meridional extent and relatively shallow depths, the Kerguelen Plateau constitutes a major barrier to the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. While most of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport is deflected north of the Kerguelen Islands, the remainder ( 50 Sv, 1 Sv = 10⁶ m³ s^− 1) must pass south of the islands, most probably through the Fawn and Princess Elizabeth Troughs. However, the paucity of finely resolved quasi-synoptic hydrographic data in this remote and infrequently sampled area has limited the progress in our knowledge of the regional circulation. Since 2004, a new approach using elephant seals from the Kerguelen Islands as autonomous oceanographic profilers has provided new information on the hydrography over the Kerguelen Plateau, covering the entire Antarctic Zone between the Polar Front and Antarctica, with a mean along-track resolution of about 25 km. These finely resolved bio-logged data revealed details of a strong northeastward current found across the Fawn Trough (sill depth: 2600 m; 56°S, 78°E). This so-called Fawn Trough Current transports cold Antarctic waters found mostly south of the Elan Bank, between the Ice Limit (58°S) and the Antarctic Divergence (64°S) in the eastern Enderby Basin, toward the Australian–Antarctic Basin. Our analysis also demonstrates that the Deep Western Boundary Current, which carries cold Antarctic water along the eastern flank of the southern Kerguelen Plateau collides with Fawn Trough Current at the outlet of the Fawn Trough sill. In other words, the Fawn Trough constitutes a veritable bottleneck, channelling the quasi-totality of the Antarctic Circumpolar flow found south of the Polar Front. Thanks to the unprecedented fine resolution of seal-borne data, a branch of flow centered at the Winter Water isotherm of 1 °C is also revealed along the northern escarpment of the Elan Bank, and then along the southern edge of Heard Island. Further analysis of different supplementary data reveals a complex circulation pattern in the entire Enderby Basin, with several distinctive branches of flow being strongly controlled by prominent topographic features such as the Southwest Indian Ridge, Conrad Rise, Elan Bank, and Kerguelen Plateau. This newly emerged frontal structure refines considerably previous large-scale circulation schematics of the area.     

面对"入世"挑战东风汽车公司的产品发展战略和对策

简析加入WTO对中国汽车工业带来的机遇和挑战，分析了汽车行业竞争态势，结合多年工作实践，对东风汽车公司产品发展战略提出对策建议。     

突发环境下城市道路网关键路段集识别

为了更好地判断出突发环境下城市道路网络中的关键路段,本文结合路网脆弱性分析方法,构建了一种涵盖单条到多条路段失效的关键路段集识别模型.首先,对路网进行随机攻击,运用网络效率、最大连通子图等鲁棒性指标寻找潜在关键路段;然后,引入0-1变量,建立一个含道路通行能力约束的非线性优化模型;再以此为基础,用分段线性化手段处理目标函数与约束条件,将模型转化为一个混合0-1规划问题;最后,以分支定界法求解模型并设计算例验证.结果表明：突发环境下的路网关键路段集一般不是若干关键路段的简单集成,其构成元素在几何拓扑层面上也不具有邻接关系;而且随着失效路段数的增多,路网鲁棒性与总阻抗变化量之间会呈现出较显著的负相关关系,可用“逆向”曲线进行刻画,效果良好.     

寡头垄断模式下集装箱运价影响机制实证分析

梳理影响市场运费走势的要素体系,进而构建基于数据分析为基础的理论框 架,然后选择分析几类核心因素与市场运费之间的关系,来探究寡头垄断模式下影响市 场的主要因素与运价指数的数据本身之间的影响机制.研究发现：单位运力年周转率与集 装箱运费指数（China Container Freight Index,CCFI）之间不存在协整关系,GDP、原油价 格与CCFI 之间并无Granger 关系,而闲置运力是影响CCFI 变化的Granger 原因;同时 CCFI与闲置运力各自都存在严格的自相关与溢出效应.     

基于交路接续的动车组运用计划优化模型与算法

针对动车组运用计划优化编制的问题,本文采用接续网络的方法,构建了动车组运用计划优化编制的0-1 整数规划模型.该模型在动车组初始运用状态和历史检修数据的基础上,以动车组担当交路的接续时间总和最小化和动车组检修前累计运行里程最大化为优化目标,以动车组检修里程周期和动车组交路接续时间标准为主要约束,并充分考虑动车组与交路的匹配关系,以及客流高峰时期增加开行交路的情况.在模型的求解方面,本文基于粒子群算法设计了模型的求解策略.最后通过算例分析验证了模型与算法的有效性,为动车组运用计划的优化编制提供参考依据.     

基于SPN的无线闭塞中心切换过程中的故障分析

分析在RBC2(接收无线闭塞中心(RBC))不同时段故障工况下,对RBC切换的影响,选取形式化描述语言随机Petri网(SPN),分别建立RBC2在不同时段故障下RBC的切换模型,采用SPN数学建模,通过SPNP6.0分析RBC故障对切换的影响以及对行车安全和行车效率等方面的影响.分析结果可使人们对实际情况中RBC切换有更真实的认识,并对设备的改进、协议的完善等有一定的借鉴意义.     

0号块现浇箱梁支架预压探讨

某工程采用反力法和堆载法相结合对支架进行预压施工,通过介绍支架预压的方法和措施,提出预压施工方案及采用简支梁以点代面的简化计算方法和作用力位置,以供同行参考和借鉴.     

桥梁工程0#梁施工技术实践操作

结合桥梁施工实践经验,系统全面地介绍了目前国内同类型桥梁中0#梁段工艺流程,针对其支架和模板设置形式、钢筋工程、0#块预应力工程、混凝土工程等环节而展开探讨,为今后同类型桥梁施工积累经验.     

岩质隧道中结构面和概率块体的模拟研究

岩体隧道中结构面的存在会极大地影响岩体的力学性质.根据经典块体理论和蒙特-卡罗模拟方法,采用面向对象的C++语言为主要工具,实现了岩体结构面分组的自动化,然后在此基础上完成了岩体隧道中随机性关键块体的搜索,并应用计算机图形显示技术,展示了岩体结构和随机块体的三维模拟方法.